Child Domestic Work in Nigeria - Conditions of Socialisation and Measures of Intervention

book cover

Preface

Acknowledgements

Table of Contents

Introduction

Child Domestic Work as Study Subject

Motivation

Structure of the Study

1 Child Domestic Work as Subject of Research and Intervention

1.1 Understanding “Domestic Work”

1.2 A Historical and Regional Overview of Child Domestic Work

1.2.1 Modern Age Child Domestic Work in Europe and North America. Reasons and Types of Child Domestic Work in the 16th to 19th Centuries

1.2.2 Current International Debates on Child Domestic Work

1.3 Legal Regulations of Child Domestic Work in the Western World

1.3.1 The Concept of Childhood in the 15th to the 19th Century

1.3.2 Legal Acts Concerning Child Domestic Workfrom the 15th to the 19th Century

1.4 Approach of this Study

1.4.1 Research Gaps in the Literature

1.4.2 Child Domestic Work in Comparative Education

1.5 Theoretical Framework

1.5.1 Cultural Hybridity

1.5.2 Socialisation

1.5.3 World Polity Theory

1.6 Research Questions of the Study

2 Methodology

2.1 Field Research in Nigeria

2.1.1 The Stakeholder Sample

2.1.2 Interviews

2.2 Methodological Approach to the Data Analysis

2.2.1 Qualitative Content Analysis

2.2.2 Process of Data Analysis

2.3 Quality Criteria of the Research

2.4 Reflections on the Dynamics of Cross-Cultural Research

3 Historical Developments of Parenting and Education in Nigeria

3.1 Methodological Approach

3.2 Nigeria Before and After Independence

3.2.1 Nigeria until 1960

3.2.2 Post-Colonial Developments in Nigeria

3.2.3 Nigeria Today

3.3 Changes in Nigeria’s Social Security Systems

3.3.1 Defining Social Security and Social Protection

3.3.2 Social Security Systems in Nigeria before and during Colonial Rule

3.3.3 Present Social Security Systems in Nigeria

3.4 Changes in Nigerian Patterns of Parenting and Education

3.4.1 Influences on Pre-Colonial Nigerian Parenting Systems

3.4.2 Introduction of Western Formal Education

3.4.3 Child Work and Child Domestic Work in Nigeria

3.5 Conclusion: Child Domestic Work in Nigeria’s Hybrid Society

3.5.1 Postcolonial Emergence of Nigeria’s Hybrid Society

3.5.2 Ambivalent Effects of Nigeria’s Hybrid Culture on Indigenous Patterns of Parenting

4 Child Domestic Workers’ Conditions of Socialisation

4.1 Methodological Approach of Data Evaluation

4.1.1 The Child Domestic Workers Sample

4.1.2 Analysis of the Interviews with Child Domestic Workers

4.2 Motivations for Child Rural-Urban Migration

4.2.1 Pull-Factors for Migration from a Child’s Perspective

4.2.2 Reasons of Parents to Send out Children

4.2.3 Reasons of Employers to Employ Children

4.2.4 Reasons of the Intermediary to Place Children

4.3 The Children’s Perception of Working and Living Conditions

4.3.1 Working and Living Conditions according to the 12 Rights of Working Children and Youth

4.3.2 Perception of Child Domestic Workers’ Working and Living Conditions with Regard to Kinship

4.3.3 Child Domestic Workers’ Working and Living Conditions with Regard to Gender

4.4 Child Domestic Workers’ Working and Living Conditions from the Perspective of Employers and their Children

4.4.1 Conditions of Socialisation from the Perspective of Employers

4.4.2 Conditions of Socialisation from the Perspective of the Employers’ Own Children

4.5 Child Domestic Workers’ Coping Strategies when Faced with Aversive Working and Living Conditions

4.5.1 Coping Strategies of Children

4.5.2 Child Domestic Workers’ Coping Strategies

4.6 Conclusion: The Impact of Child Domestic Work on Conditions of Socialisation

4.6.1 Child Domestic Work in Nigeria’s Hybrid Society – The Macro-Social Level

4.6.2 The Intersecting Discriminating Effects of Child Domestic Work – The Interaction and Action Level

4.6.3 The Status of Well-Being of Child Domestic Workers – The Individual Level

5 Measures of Interventionin Child Domestic Work in Nigeria

5.1 Methodological Approach to the Analysis of Interventional Measures on Child Domestic Work in Nigeria

5.1.1 Definition of Political and Pedagogical Measures of Intervention

5.1.2 The World Polity Theory and the Implementation of Political and Pedagogical Interventional Measures

5.1.3 Data Evaluation Regarding Political and Pedagogical Interventional Measures on Child Domestic Work in Nigeria

5.2 Current International Legal Regulation of Child Work and Child Domestic Work

5.2.1 International Legal Regulation of Child Domestic Work

5.2.2 Examples for Practical Responses to Child Domestic Work from an International Perspective

5.3 Implemented Political and Pedagogical Measures of Intervention in Child Domestic Work in Nigeria. Results from the Field Study

5.3.1 Political Interventional Measures on Child Domestic Work

5.3.2 Political Measures of Intervention on Child Domestic Work on the Meso-Social Level

5.3.3 Pedagogical Interventional Measures on Child Domestic Work

5.3.4 International Standards of Human Rights Education on Pedagogical Measures of Intervention

5.4 Conclusion: Interventional Measures on Child Domestic Work in Nigeria’s Hybrid Society

5.4.1 Ambivalent Effects of Nigeria’s Hybrid Culture on Interventional Measures on Child Domestic Work. A Macro- and Meso-Social Perspective

5.4.2 Correspondence of Interventional Measures with Child Domestic Workers’ Conditions of Socialisation. A Micro-Social Perspective

5.4.3 Social Transformation through Subject-Oriented Implementation of Global Child-Related Policies

6 Summary and Outlook

6.1 Summary of Main Results

6.2 Discussion of the Theoretical Perspectives Applied to Child Domestic Work

6.2.1 The Relevance of Postcolonial Research on Child Domestic Work and for Comparative Education

6.2.2 The Impact of the Capabilities Approach for the Research on Child Domestic Work and for Comparative Education

6.2.3 Theoretical Relevance of the World Polity Theory for Research on Child Domestic Work and for Comparative Education

6.3 Perspectives for Further Research and Action

Annex

References