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Contextualising dialogue, secularisation and pluralism - Religion in Finnish public education
Imprint and Contents
4
Introduction to contextualising dialogue, secularisation and pluralism in Finnish public education (Martin Ubani, Saila Poulter & Inkeri Rissanen)
7
The governance of religious education in Finland: a state-centric relational approach? (Tuula Sakaranaho)
17
1. Introduction
17
2. The state-centric relational approach and five modes of governance
19
3. Governance via hierarchy: the Finnish system of education and educational acts
20
4. Governance via persuasion: the Finnish National Agency of Education and school curricula
23
5. Governance via markets: marketization of school books
26
6. Governance via community: variations of practice on the local level
28
7. Governance via associations: religious networks as pressure groups
31
8. Discussion
32
References
34
Religious education as a means of citizenship education in Finland (Saila Poulter)
39
1. Introduction
39
2. Conceptual and literature basis of civic religious education
42
3. The Finnish perspective on civic religious education
45
4. Mapping the future of civic religious and worldview education in Finland
49
References
51
Key challenges in supporting identity development in segregated instruction about worldviews (Harriet Zilliacus)
57
1. Introduction
57
2. The conceptualization and organization of segregated instruction for minority students
58
3. Students’ identity development in religious education and ethics
60
4. Aims of minority religious education and ethics
61
5. Main arguments for segregated instruction about worldviews
63
6. Critical issues related to students’ identities
65
6.1 Issues of structural inequality and challenges in the organization of instruction
65
6.2 Issues regarding lack of freedom of choice and autonomy
66
6.3 Issues of essentializing students’ identities
68
6.4 Issues of confessionality and commitment to particular identifications
70
6.5 Issues of exclusion and discrimination as obstacles for identity development
72
7. Conclusions and visions for a pluralistic education about worldviews
73
References
76
Developing integrative practices in a separative RE system: some Finnish perspectives (Vesa Åhs, Arto Kallioniemi & Saila Poulter)
81
1. Introduction
81
2. International and Finnish perspectives on integrative RE
84
3. Worldviews, RE and secular ethics
87
4. Finnish models of integrative WE: practical perspectives
91
5. Research data
92
6. Conclusions
96
References
99
Religion, multiculturalism and Finnish schools: the secularist-culturalist transition (Martin Ubani)
105
1. Introduction
105
2. Religion and multicultural schools
107
2.1 Culturalisation of religion in public schools
107
2.2 Group identification, religion and multicultural schools
111
3. Religious education and the secularist-culturalist transition
113
3.1 Isolationism of religious education and the secular outlook on religion
113
3.2 First signs of emerging dialogue education about religions in Finland
116
4. Concluding remarks
120
References
122
Inclusion of Muslims in Finnish schools (Inkeri Rissanen)
127
1. Conceptual and contextual framework
127
1.1 Introduction
127
1.2 Inclusion of Muslim identities in Europe
128
1.3 Muslims in Finland
130
1.4 Description of the empirical studies
131
2. What enhances and inhibits Finnish Muslims’ experiences of inclusion in school settings?
132
2.1 Inclusion of cultural and religious diversity in the national core curriculum
132
2.2 Religion-blindness vs. celebration of religious diversity as strategies to reduce prejudices and stereotypes
133
2.3 School-Muslim family collaboration and the role of cultural broker parents and teachers in enhancing Muslim inclusion
135
2.4 Islamic religious education as a space for the negotiation of citizenship and belonging
137
3. Discussion
139
References
141
Religion and secularity in school festivals – experiences and challenges from Finland (Pia-Maria Niemi)
145
1. Introduction
145
2. The Finnish context
147
3. Religious literacy in secular societies
148
4. Religion in the Finnish educational system
151
5. Empirical studies about school festivals in Finland
153
6. Discussion about current challenges
156
6.1 Inclusion through secularization?
156
6.2 Religious literacy
157
6.3 Inclusion through pluralism?
158
7. Conclusions
160
References
161
Encountering religion in a secular context: How do Finnish students perceive and encounter religions and worldviews in the classroom? (Anuleena Kimanen)
165
1. Introduction
165
2. Concepts and theories of inter-worldview encounters
167
3. Finnish teenagers and religion
170
4. Perceptions of the Other
172
5. Encountering the Other
175
6. Discussion
176
References
179
Intercultural and interreligious sensitivities in a Finnish educational context (Kristiina Holm, Elina Kuusisto & Inkeri Rissanen)
183
1. Introduction
183
2. Intercultural and interreligious sensitivities
185
3. The reviewed research data
189
4. The role of gender and geographical location in Finnish students’ intercultural and interreligious sensitivities
190
5. The role of religiosity in Finnish students’ and student teachers’ interreligious sensitivity
192
6. Finnish teachers’ tendency to cultural minimization and development of sensitivity to cultural and religious difference in teacher education
194
7. Concluding remarks
195
References
197
Key issues of religion in Finnish public education (Inkeri Rissanen, Martin Ubani & Saila Poulter)
203
1. The changing role of religion in Finnish society and schools
203
2. Inclusion of religious and worldview minorities in Finnish schools
206
3. The current issues and development of religious education in Finland
210
References
214
Discussion (Saila Poulter, Inkeri Rissanen & Martin Ubani)
217
About the authors
229
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